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Subthreshold disorders in psychiatry: Clinical reality, methodological artifact, and the double-threshold problem
The introduction of modern operationalized classification systems for mental disorders has led to the issue of subthreshold disorders. Definitions for illness do not at the same time define health, e....
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Hanfried Helmchen,
Michael Linden
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1-7
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Plato versus Aristotle: Categorical and dimensional models for common mental disorders
There are two quite different ways of conceptualizing common mental disorders: as categorically distributed or as dimensions. In the former case, individuals with “subthreshold” disorders may contain ...
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David Goldberg
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8-13
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Public health consequences of different thresholds for the diagnosis of mental disorders
The acceptance of subthreshold disorders in psychiatry is a controversial topic with multiple implications for public health policy. Using subthreshold depression as an example, we provide documentati...
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Kathryn M. Magruder,
Gerald E. Calderone
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14-18
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Limitations in activities of daily living: Towards a better understanding of subthreshold mental disorders in old age
Based on a representative sample of elderly subjects, a description of the limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) at subthreshold levels of dementia and depression...
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H.-U. Wilms,
S. Kanowski,
M.M. Baltes
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19-25
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Does effective lithium prophylaxis result in a symptom-free state of manic-depressive illness? Some thoughts on the fine-tuning of mood stabilization
Recovered depressive or manic-depressive patients on long-term lithium medication may show oscillations in their state of well-being, neuropsychological impairment, and subclinical mood disturbances. ...
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B. Müller-Oerlinghausen
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26-31
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Subthreshold depression in the elderly: Qualitative or quantitative distinction?
Recent studies revealed that subthreshold depression (or “subclinical” or “subsyndromal” depression) can have clinical validity because it is related to dysfunction and disability and is a risk factor...
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Bernhard Geiselman,
Michael Bauer
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32-38
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Depressive spectrum diagnoses
There has been widespread debate about the validity of the contemporary diagnostic classification system of depression. The major goal of this study is to examine the prognostic significance of each o...
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Jules Angst,
Robert Sellar,
Kathleen Ries Merikangas
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39-47
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Anxiety and anxiety disorders in the old and very old—Results from the Berlin aging study (BASE)
Within the context of the Berlin Aging Study, we examined the distribution of anxiety symptoms and disorders in a representative community sample. The participants were beyond the age of 70 years, the...
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R.T. Schaub,
M. Linden
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48-54
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Mixed anxiety-depression and its implications for models of mood and anxiety disorders
Recent findings have suggested that there is a distinct group of patients presenting with subthreshold levels of mixed anxious and depressive symptoms associated with significant functional impairment...
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David H. Barlow,
Laura A. Campbell
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55-60
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Subclinical ognitive impairment: Epidemiology and clinical characteristics
Subclinical cognitive impairment is commonly reported in elderly populations, but its clinical significance is largely undetermined. It is commonly perceived as a normal feature of the aging process o...
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Karen Ritchie,
Bernard Ledésert,
Jacques Touchon
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61-65
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Prediction of deterioration in mild cognitive disorder in old age—neuropsychological and neurochemical parameters of dementia diseases
In normal senescence, an age-related impairment of cognitive function is observed. The difficult clinical question is in which cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will there be a rapid cognitive ...
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Friedel M. Reischies,
Rainer Hellweg
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66-75
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Prodromal States in Schizophrenia
The vulnerability-stress-coping (VSC) model is the most influential heuristic concept in understanding the course of schizophrenia, whose prodromal status still offers unsolved conceptual and methodol...
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Wolfgang Gaebel,
Michaela Jänner,
Nicole Frommann,
Adolf Pietzcker,
Wolfgang Köpcke,
Michael Linden,
Peter Müller,
Franz Müller-Spahn,
Joachim Tegeler
et al.
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76-85
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Subthreshold symptoms and vulnerability indicators (e.g., eye tracking dysfunction) in Schizophrenia
Subthreshold symptoms in schizophrenia can be prodromal signs of a psychotic relapse. In people without schizophrenia, similar symptoms may indicate the presence of disorders termed schizophrenia spec...
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Klaus-Malte Flechtner,
Bruno Steinacher,
Arthur Mackert
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86-89
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Transition to alcohol dependence: Clinical and neurobiological considerations
The transition to alcohol dependence is supposed to occur during a critical period that begins with increased drinking and ends with a loss of control. This process may last about 3 to 4 years, and is...
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L.G. Schmidt,
P. Dufeu,
S. Kuhn,
M. Smolka,
H. Rommelspacher
et al.
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90-94
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Hazardous alcohol use: Its delineation as a subthreshold disorder, and approaches to its diagnosis and management
The last 20 years have seen a significant paradigm shift in how we view alcohol misuse. The dichotomous model of “alcoholism” and “normal drinking” has now been replaced by the concept of a spectrum o...
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John B. Saunders,
Nicole K. Lee
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95-103
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Sleep-wake cycle, sleep-related disturbances, and sleep disorders: A chronobiological approach
There is convincing evidence that the functions of sleep include restoration of brain energy storage and memory consolidation. The circadian timing system (CTS) is involved in the daily variation of a...
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Dieter Kunz,
Werner Martin Herrmann
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104-115
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Suicidal behavior—symptom or disorder?
This article examines the diagnostic status of suicidal ideation with and without additional signs of defined or subthreshold mental disorders. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) study on P...
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B. Ahrens,
M. Linden,
H. Zäske,
H. Berzewski
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116-121
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The waxing and waning of mental disorders: Evaluating the stability of syndromes of mental disorders in the population
This article examines the stability of symptoms, syndromes, and diagnoses of specific anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as diagnostic shifts from one syndrome to another over time. Using retro...
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Hans-Ulrich Wittchen,
Roselind Lieb,
Hildegard Pfister,
Peter Schuster
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122-132
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Potential treatment for subthreshold and mild depression: A comparison of St. John's wort extracts and fluoxetine
Subthreshold depressive disturbances and depressive episodes of mild severity are frequently associated with disability and socioeconomic burden, and often show an increase in symptomatology over time...
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Hans-Peter Volz,
Peter Laux
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133-137
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