Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 51, Issue 5 , Pages 486-491 , September 2010

Severity of affective temperament and maladaptive self-schemas differentiate borderline patients, bipolar patients, and controls

References 

  1. Akiskal HS. Borderline: An adjective in search of a noun. J Clin Psychiatry. 1985;46(2):41
  2. Akiskal HS. The nosologic status of borderline personality: Clinical and polysomnographic study. Am J Psychiatry. 1985;142(2):192–198
  3. MacKinnon DF, Pies R. Affective instability as rapid cycling: Theoretical and clinical implications for borderline personality and bipolar spectrum disorders. Bipolar Disord. 2006;8(1):1–14
  4. Perugi G, Toni C, Travierso MC, Akiskal HS. The role of cyclothymia in atypical depression: Toward a data-based reconceptualization of the borderline-bipolar II connection. J Affect Disord. 2003;73(1-2):87–98Special Issue: Validating the Bipolar Spectrum
  5. Benazzi F. A relationship between bipolar II disorder and borderline personality disorder?. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008;32(4):1022
  6. Atre-Vaidya N, Hussain SM. Borderline personality disorder and bipolar mood disorder: Two distinct disorders or a continuum?. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1999;187(5):313–315
  7. Henry C, Mitropoulou V, New AS, Koenigsberg HW, Silverman J, Siever LJ. Affective instability and impulsivity in borderline personality and bipolar II disorders: Similarities and differences. J Psychiatr Res. 2001;35(6):307–312
  8. Wilson ST, Stanley B, Oquendo MA, Goldberg P, Zalsman G, Mann JJ. Comparing impulsiveness, hostility, and depression in borderline personality disorder and bipolar II disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(10):1533
  9. Berrocal C, Moreno MR, Rando M, Benvenuti A, Cassano G. Borderline personality disorder and mood spectrum. Psychiatry Res. 2008;159(3):300–307
  10. Skodol AE, Bender DS. Why are women diagnosed borderline more than men?. Psychiatric Q. 2003;74(4):349–360Special Issue: The Fifteenth Annual New York State Office of Mental Health Research Conference
  11. Arnold LM. Gender differences in bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2003;26(3):595
  12. Johnson DM, Shea MT, Yen S, Battle CL, Zlotnick C, Sanislow CA, et al. Gender differences in borderline personality disorder: Findings from the collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study. Compr Psychiatry. 2003;44(4):284
  13. Savitz J, van der Merwe L, Ramesar R. Dysthymic and anxiety-related personality traits in bipolar spectrum illness. J Affect Disord. 2008;109(3):305
  14. Mendlowicz MV, Jean-Louis G, Kelsoe JR, Akiskal HS. A comparison of recovered bipolar patients, healthy relatives of bipolar probands, and normal controls using the short TEMPS-A. J Affect Disord. 2005;85(1):147–151Special Issue: TEMPS: Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego
  15. Conklin CZ, Bradley R, Westen D. Affect regulation in borderline personality disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2006;194(2):69
  16. Koenigsberg HW, Harvey PD, Mitropoulou V, Schmeidler J, New AS, Goodman M, et al. Characterizing affective instability in borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(5):784–788
  17. Akiskal HS, Akiskal KK, Haykal RF, Manning JS, Connor PD. TEMPS-A: Progress towards validation of a self-rated clinical version of the temperament evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego autoquestionnaire. J Affect Disord. 2005;85(1):3–16Special Issue: TEMPS: Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego
  18. Akiskal K, Akiskal H. The theoretical underpinnings of affective temperaments: implications for evolutionary foundations of bipolar disorder and human nature. J Affect Disord. 2005;85(1):231–239
  19. Rüsch N, Lieb K, Göttler I, Hermann C, Schramm E, Richter H, et al. Shame and implicit self-concept in women with borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(3):500
  20. Zeigler-Hill V, Abraham J. Borderline personality features: Instability of self-esteem and affect. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2006;25(6):668
  21. Jones L, Scott J, Haque S, Gordon-Smith K, Heron J, Caesar S, et al. Cognitive style in bipolar disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;187(5):431–437
  22. Scott J, Stanton B, Garland A, Ferrier IN. Cognitive vulnerability in patients with bipolar disorder. Psychol Med. 2000;30(2):467–472
  23. Young JE, Klosko JS, Weishaar ME. Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide. New York (NY): Guilford Press; 2003;
  24. Ball J, Mitchell P, Malhi G, Skillecorn A, Smith M. Schema-focused cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder: Reducing vulnerability to relapse through attitudinal change. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2003;37(1):41–48
  25. Wing JK, Babor T, Brugha T, Burke J, Cooper JE, Giel R, et al. SCAN. Schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990;47(6):589–593
  26. First MB, Gibbon M, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Benjamin LS. SCID-II Personality Questionnaire. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1997;
  27. Jørgensen CR, Kjølbye M, Freund C, Bøye R, Jordet H, Andersen D. Level of functioning in patients with borderline personality disorder. The Risskov-I study. Nord Psychol. 2009;61(1):42–60
  28. Bech P, Rafaelsen OJ, Kamp P, Bolwig TG. The mania rating scale: Scale construction and inter-observer agreement. Neuropharmacology. 1978;17(6):430–501
  29. Bech P, Rafaelsen OJ. The use of rating scales exemplified by a comparison of Hamilton and the Bech-Rafaelsen melancholia scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1980;62(Suppl. 285):128–132
  30. Akiskal HS, Mendlowicz MV, Jean-Louis G, Rapaport MH, Kelsoe JR, Gillin JC, et al. TEMPS-A: Validation of a short version of a self-rated instrument designed to measure variations in temperament. J Affect Disord. 2005;85(1-2):45;Special Issue: TEMPS: Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego
  31. Young JE. Young schema questionnaire–short version (YSQ-S3). New York: Cognitive Therapy Center of New York; 2005;
  32. Calvete E, Estévez A, López de Arroyabe E, Ruiz P. The schema questionnaire–short form: Structure and relationship with automatic thoughts and symptoms of affective disorders. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2005;21(2):90–99
  33. Cecero JJ, Nelson JD, Gillie JM. Tools and tenets of schema therapy: Toward the construct validity of the early maladaptive schema questionnaire-research version (EMSQ-R). Clin Psychol Psychother. 2004;11(5):344–357
  34. Welburn K, Coristine M, Dagg P, Pontefract A, Jordan S. The schema questionnaire-short form: Factor analysis and relationship between schemas and symptoms. Cogn Ther Res. 2002;26(4):519–530
  35. Purcell R, Maruff P, Kyrios M, Pantelis C. Neuropsychological deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comparison with unipolar depression, panic disorder, and normal controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55(5):415
  36. Rao NP, Reddy YCJ, Kumar KJ, Kandavel T, Chandrashekar CR. Are neuropsychological deficits trait markers in OCD?. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008;32(6):1574–1579
  37. Mercer D, Douglass AB, Links PS. Meta-analysis of mood stabilizers, antidepressants and antipsychotics in treatment of borderline personality disorders: Effectiveness for depression and anger symptoms. J Personal Disord. 2009;23(2):156–174
  38. Matsumoto S, Akiyama T, Tsuda H, Miyake Y, Kawamura Y, Noda T, et al. Reliability and validity of TEMPS-A in a Japanese non-clinical population: Application to unipolar and bipolar depressives. J Affect Disord. 2005;85(1):85–92Special Issue: TEMPS: Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego
  39. Nowakowska C, Strong CM, Santosa CM, Wang PW, Ketter TA. Temperamental commonalities and differences in euthymic mood disorder patients, creative controls, and healthy controls. J Affect Disord. 2005;85(1):207–215Special Issue: TEMPS: Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego
  40. Angst J, Gamma J, Endrass J. Risk factors for the bipolar and depression spectra. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2003;108(418):15–19
  41. MacQueen GM, Young LT, Joffe RT. A review of psychosocial outcome in patients with bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001;103(3):163–170
  42. Butler AC, Brown GK, Beck AT, Grisham JR. Assessment of dysfunctional beliefs in borderline personality disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2002;40(10):1231–1240
  43. Jørgensen CR. Identity style in patients with borderline personality disorder and normal controls. J Personal Disord. 2009;23(2):101–112
  44. Bolton S, Gunderson JG. Distinguishing borderline personality disorder from bipolar disorder: Differential diagnosis and implications. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153:1202–1207
  45. Katzow JJ, Hsu DJ, Ghaemi SN. The bipolar spectrum: A clinical perspective. Bipolar Disord. 2003;5(6):436–442
  46. Paris J, Gunderson J, Weinberg I. The interface between borderline personality disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders. Compr Psychiatry. 2007;48(2):145–154
  47. Akiskal HS. Demystifying borderline personality: Critique of the concept and unorthodox reflections on its natural kinship with the bipolar spectrum. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004;110(6):401
  48. Savitz J, Van der Merwe L, Ramesar R. Hypomanic, cyclothymic and hostile personality traits in bipolar spectrum illnesses: A family-based study. J Psychiatr Res. 2008;42(11):920–929

PII: S0010-440X(10)00009-X

doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.02.006

Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 51, Issue 5 , Pages 486-491 , September 2010