Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 51, Issue 2 , Pages 99-105 , March 2010

Clinical characteristics of depressed outpatients previously overdiagnosed with bipolar disorder

References 

  1. Judd L, Akiskal H, Schettler P, Endicott J, Maser J, Solomon D, et al. The long-term natural history of the weekly symptomatic status of bipolar I disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:530–537
  2. Bowden CL. Strategies to reduce misdiagnosis of bipolar depression. Psychiatr Serv. 2001;52(1):51–55
  3. Katzow JJ, Hsu DJ, Nassir Ghaemi S. The bipolar spectrum: a clinical perspective. Bipolar Disord. 2003;5(6):436–442
  4. Manning JS, Haykal RF, Connor PD, Akiskal HS. On the nature of depressive and anxious states in a family practice setting: the high prevalence of bipolar II and related disorders in a cohort followed longitudinally. Compr Psychiatry. 1997;38(2):102–108
  5. Ghaemi SN, Boiman EE, Goodwin FK. Diagnosing bipolar disorder and the effect of antidepressants: a naturalistic study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(10):804–808[quiz 809]
  6. Ghaemi SN, Ko JY, Goodwin FK. “Cade's disease” and beyond: misdiagnosis, antidepressant use, and a proposed definition for bipolar spectrum disorder. Can J Psychiatry. 2002;47(2):125–134
  7. Hirschfeld RM. Bipolar spectrum disorder: improving its recognition and diagnosis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62(Suppl 14):5–9
  8. Hantouche EG, Akiskal HS, Lancrenon S, Allilaire JF, Sechter D, Azorin JM, et al. Systematic clinical methodology for validating bipolar-II disorder: data in mid-stream from a French national multi-site study (EPIDEP). J Affect Disord. 1998;50(2-3):163–173
  9. Perugi G, Akiskal HS, Lattanzi L, Cecconi D, Mastrocinque C, Patronelli A, et al. The high prevalence of “soft” bipolar (II) features in atypical depression. Compr Psychiatry. 1998;39(2):63–71
  10. Zimmerman M, Ruggero CJ, Chelminski I, Young D. Is bipolar disorder overdiagnosed?. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69:935–940
  11. Hirschfeld RM, Cass AR, Holt DC, Carlson CA. Screening for bipolar disorder in patients treated for depression in a family medicine clinic. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2005;18:233–239
  12. Stewart C, El-Mallakh RS. Is bipolar disorder overdiagnosed among patients with substance abuse?. Bipolar Disord. 2007;9(6):646–648
  13. Goldberg J, Garno J, Callahan A, Kearns D, Kerner B, Ackerman S. Overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder among substance use disorder inpatients with mood instability. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69:1–7
  14. Zimmerman M, Ruggero CJ, Chelminski I, Young D. Psychiatric diagnoses in patients previoulsy overdiagnosed with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry [in press].
  15. Zimmerman M. Integrating the assessment methods of researchers in routine clinical practice: The Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project. In:  First M editors. Standardized evaluation in clinical practice. vol 22:Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2003;p. 29–74
  16. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders—patient edition (SCID-I/P, version 2.0). New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1995;
  17. Pfohl B, Blum N, Zimmerman M. Structured interview for DSM-IV personality. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press, Inc.; 1997;
  18. Endicott J, Spitzer RL. A diagnostic interview: The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1978;35:837–844
  19. Endicott J, Cohen J, Nee J, Fleiss J, Sarantakos S. Hamilton depression rating scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981;38:98–103
  20. Guy W. ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology. Rockville (MD): National Institute of Mental Health; 1976;
  21. Zimmerman M, Mattia JI. Differences between clinical and research practice in diagnosing borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:1570–1574
  22. Goodwin F, Jamison K. Manic-depressive illness: bipolar disorders and recurrent depression. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007;
  23. Paris J, Gunderson J, Weinberg I. The interface between borderline personality disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders. Compr Psychiatry. 2007;48(2):145–154
  24. Bender DS, Dolan RT, Skodol AE, Sanislow CA, Dyck IR, McGlashan TH, et al. Treatment utilization by patients with personality disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(2):295–302
  25. Bateman A, Fonagy P. 8-year follow-up of patients treated for borderline personality disorder: mentalization-based treatment versus treatment as usual. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165(5):631–638
  26. Blum N, St John D, Pfohl B, Stuart S, McCormick B, Allen J, et al. Systems training for emotional predictability and problem solving (STEPPS) for outpatients with borderline personality disorder: a randomized controlled trial and 1-year follow-up. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165(4):468–478
  27. Perry JC, Banon E, Ianni F. Effectiveness of psychotherapy for personality disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156(9):1312–1321

PII: S0010-440X(09)00053-4

doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.04.001

Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 51, Issue 2 , Pages 99-105 , March 2010

Article Tools