Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 47, Issue 3 , Pages 209-214 , May 2006

Psychopathological profile of 35% CO2 challenge test–induced panic attacks: a comparison with spontaneous panic attacks

  • Antonio E. Nardi

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22410-003, Brazil
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +55 21 2521 6147; fax: +55 21 2523 6839.
    • ,
  • Alexandre M. Valença

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22410-003, Brazil
    • ,
  • Fabiana L. Lopes

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22410-003, Brazil
    • ,
  • Isabella Nascimento

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22410-003, Brazil
    • ,
  • Andre B. Veras

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22410-003, Brazil
    • ,
  • Rafael C. Freire

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22410-003, Brazil
    • ,
  • Marco A. Mezzasalma

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22410-003, Brazil
    • ,
  • Valfrido L. de-Melo-Neto

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22410-003, Brazil
    • ,
  • Walter A. Zin

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

References 

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  3. Papp LA, Martinez JM, Klein DF, Coplan JD, Norman RG, Cole R, et al. Respiratory psychophysiology of panic disorder: three respiratory challenges in 98 subjects. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154:1557–1565
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  5. Perna G, Battaglia M, Garberi A, Arancio C, Bertani A, Bellodi L. Carbon dioxide/oxygen challenge test in panic disorder. Psychiatry Res. 1994;52:159–171
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  7. Papp LA, Klein DF, Gorman JM. Carbon dioxide hypersensitivity, hyperventilation and panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150:1149–1157
  8. Bataglia M, Perna G. The 35% CO2 challenge in panic disorder: optimization by receiver operating characteristic (roc) analysis. J Psychiatr Res. 1995;29:111–119
  9. Rapee R, Brown T, Antony M, Barlow D. Response to hyperventilation and inhalation of 5.5% carbon dioxide–enriched air across the DSM-III-R anxiety disorders. J Abnorm Psychol. 1992;101:538–552
  10. Holt PE, Andrews G. Hyperventilation and anxiety in panic disorder, social phobia, GAD and normal controls. Behav Res Ther. 1989;27:453–460
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  17. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press; 1994;DSM-IV
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  19. Sanderson WC, Rapee RM, Barlow DH. The influence of an illusion of control on panic attacks induced via inhalation of 5.5% carbon dioxide–enriched air. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46:157–162
  20. Briggs AC, Stretch DD, Brandon S. Subtyping of panic disorder by symptom profile. Br J Psychiatry. 1993;163:201–209
  21. Bandelow B, Amering M, Benkert O, Marks I, Nardi AE, Osterheider M, et al. Cardio-respiratory and other symptom clusters in panic disorder. Anxiety. 1996;2:99–101
  22. Bovasso G, Eaton W. Types of panic attacks and their association with psychiatric disorder and physical illness. Compr Psychiatry. 1999;40:469–477
  23. de Beurs E, Garssen B, Bouikhuisen M, Lange A, van Balkom A, van Dick R. Continuous monitoring panic. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994;90:38–45
  24. Argyle N, Roth M. The definition of panic attacks. Part I. Psychiatr Dev. 1989;77:167–174
  25. Fleet RP, Dupuis G, Marchand A, Burelle D, Arsenault A, Beitman BD. Panic disorder in emergency department chest pain patients: prevalence, comorbidity, suicidal ideation, and physician recognition. Am J Med. 1996;101:371–380
  26. Bellodi L, Perna G, Caldirola D, Arancio C, Bertani A, Di Bella D. CO2-induced panic attacks: a twin study. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155:1184–1188
  27. Klein DF. Panic disorder and agoraphobia: hypothesis hothouse. J Clin Psychiatry. 1996;57:21–27

PII: S0010-440X(05)00086-6

doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.07.007

Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 47, Issue 3 , Pages 209-214 , May 2006

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