Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 46, Issue 5 , Pages 322-327 , September 2005

Fifteen-year follow-up of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition depressive disorders: the prognostic significance of psychotic features

References 

  1. Kraepelin E. Psychiatrie. 6th ed.. Leipzig: Barth; 1899;
  2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). 4th ed.. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 1994;
  3. World Health Organisation. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 1992;
  4. Jablensky A, Hugler H, Von Cranach M, Kalinov K. Kraepelin revisited: a reassessment and statistical analysis of dementia praecox and manic-depressive insanity in 1908. Psychol Med. 1993;23:843–858
  5. Pope HG, Lipinski JF. Diagnosis in schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness: a reassessment of the specificity of “schizophrenic” symptoms in the light of current research. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1978;35:811–828
  6. Maj M, Pirozzi R, Di Caprio EL. Major depression with mood-congruent psychotic features: a distinct diagnostic entity or a more severe subtype of depression?. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1990;82:439–444
  7. Coryell W, Leon A, Winokur G, Endicott J, Keller M, Akiskal HS, et al. Importance of psychotic features to long-term course in major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153:483–489
  8. Coryell W, Leon AC, Turvey C, Akiskal HS, Mueller T, Endicott J. The significance of psychotic features in manic episodes: a report from NIMH collaborative study. J Affect Disord. 2001;67:79–88
  9. Robins E, Guze SB. Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: its application to schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1970;26:983–987
  10. Feinstein AR. A critical overview of diagnosis in psychiatry. In:  Rakoff VM,  Gorman H,  Kedward HB,  Preston AJ,  Stancer HC editor. Psychiatric Diagnosis. New York: Brunner; 1977;p. 189–206
  11. Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Fleiss JL, Cohen J. The Global Assessment Scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1976;33:766–771
  12. Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960;23:56–62
  13. Andreasen NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Iowa City: University of Iowa; 1983;
  14. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13:261–276
  15. Möller HJ, Bottlender R, Gross A, Hoff P, Wittmann J, Wegner U, et al. The Kraepelinian dichotomy: preliminary results of a 15-year follow-up study on functional psychoses: focus on negative symptoms. Schizophr Res. 2002;56:87–94
  16. Bottlender R, Sato T, Jäger M, Wegener U, Wittmann J, Strauss A, et al. The impact of the duration of untreated psychosis prior to first psychiatric admission on the 15-year outcome in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2003;62:37–44
  17. Blashfield R, Draguns JG. Toward a taxonomy of psychopathology: the purpose of psychiatric classification. Br J Psychiatry. 1976;129:574–583
  18. Leyton M, Corin E, Martial J, Meaney M. Psychotic symptoms and vulnerability to recurrent major depression. J Affect Disord. 1995;33:107–115
  19. Coryell W, Winokur G, Shea T, Maser JD, Endicott J, Akiskal HS. The long-term stability of depressive subtypes. Am J Psychiatry. 1994;151:199–204
  20. Harrow M, Grossman LS, Herbener ES, Davies WE. Ten-year outcome: patients with schizoaffective disorders, schizophrenia, affective disorders and mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms. Br J Psychiatry. 2000;177:421–426
  21. Coryell W. The treatment of psychotic depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59(Suppl 1):22–27
  22. Rothschild AJ. Challenges in the treatment of depression with psychotic features. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;53:680–690
  23. Guze SB, Woodruff RA, Clayton PJ. The significance of psychotic affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1975;32:1147–1150
  24. Schatzberg AF, Rothschild AJ. Psychotic (delusional) major depression: should it be included as a distinct syndrome in DSM-IV. Am J Psychiatry. 1992;149:733–745
  25. Tsuang D, Coryell W. An 8-year follow-up of patients with DSM-III-R psychotic depression, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150:1182–1188

PII: S0010-440X(05)00016-7

doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.02.001

Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 46, Issue 5 , Pages 322-327 , September 2005

Article Tools