Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 46, Issue 4 , Pages 254-260 , July 2005

Psychosocial functioning and quality of life in body dysmorphic disorder

  • Katharine A. Phillips

      Affiliations

    • Butler Hospital, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI 02906, USA
    • Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI 02906, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 401 455 6490; fax: +1 401 455 6539.
    • ,
  • William Menard

      Affiliations

    • Butler Hospital, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI 02906, USA
    • ,
  • Christina Fay

      Affiliations

    • Butler Hospital, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI 02906, USA
    • ,
  • Maria E. Pagano

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI 02906, USA

References 

  1. Bienvenu OJ, Samuels JF, Riddle MA, Hoehn-Saric R, Liang KY, Cullen BA, et al. The relationship of obsessive-compulsive disorder to possible spectrum disorders: results from a family study. Biol. Psychiatry. 2000;48:287–293
  2. Grant JE, Kim SW, Crow SJ. Prevalence and clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder in adolescent and psychiatric inpatients. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2001;62:517–522
  3. Phillips KA, Diaz S. Gender differences in body dysmorphic disorder. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1997;185:570–577
  4. Veale D, Boocock A, Gournay K, Dryden W, Shah F, Willson R, et al. Body dysmorphic disorder: a survey of fifty cases. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1996;169:196–201
  5. Hollander E, Allen A, Kwon J, Aronowitz B, Schmeidler J, Wong C, et al. Clomipramine vs desipramine crossover trial in body dysmorphic disorder: selective efficacy of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor in imagined ugliness. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1999;56:1033–1039
  6. Schneier FR, Heckelman LR, Garfinkel R, Campeas R, Fallon BA, Gitow A, et al. Functional impairment in social phobia. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 1994;55:322–332
  7. DeMarco LM, Li LC, Phillips KA, McElroy SL. Perceived stress in body dysmorphic disorder. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1998;186:724–726
  8. Phillips KA. Quality of life for patients with body dysmorphic disorder. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2000;188:170–175
  9. Ware JE. SF-36 health survey manual and interpretation guide. Boston: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center; 1993;
  10. McHorney CA, Ware JE, Raczek AE. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Med. Care. 1993;31:247–263
  11. Phillips KA, Albertini RS, Rasmussen SA. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in body dysmorphic disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2002;59:381–388
  12. Phillips KA, Najjar F. An open-label study of citalopram in body dysmorphic disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2003;64:715–720
  13. Phillips KA, Rasmussen SA. Change in psychosocial functioning and quality of life in body dysmorphic disorder with fluoxetine versus placebo. Psychosomatics. 2004;45:438–444
  14. Leon AC, Solomon DA, Mueller TI, Turvey CL, Endicott J, Keller MB. The Range of Impaired Functioning Tool (LIFE-RIFT): a brief measure of functional impairment. Psychol. Med. 1999;29:869–878
  15. Nierenberg AA, Phillips KA, Petersen TJ, Kelly KE, Alpert JE, Worthington JJ, et al. Body dysmorphic disorder in outpatients with major depression. J. Affect. Disord. 2002;69:141–148
  16. Weissman MM, Prusoff BA, Thompson DW, Harding PS, Myers JK. Social adjustment by self-report in a community sample and in psychiatric outpatients. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1978;166:317–326
  17. Endicott J, Nee J, Harrison W, Blumenthal R. Quality of life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire: a new measure. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 1993;29:321–326
  18. Rapaport MH, Endicott J, Clary CM. Posttraumatic stress disorder and quality of life: results across 64 weeks of sertraline treatment. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2002;63:59–65
  19. Rapaport MH, Clary C, Fayyed R, Endicott J. Quality of life impairment in depressive and anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry [in press].
  20. American Psychiatric Association. DSM-IV: diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed.. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press, Inc; 1994;
  21. Phillips KA, Hollander E, Rasmussen SA, Aronowitz BR, DeCaria C, Goodman WK. A severity rating scale for body dysmorphic disorder: development, reliability, and validity of a modified version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 1997;33:17–22
  22. Eisen JL, Phillips KA, Baer L, Beer DA, Atala KD, Rasmussen SA. The Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale: reliability and validity. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1998;155:102–108
  23. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed.. New York: Academic Press; 1988;
  24. Koran LM, Thienemann ML, Davenport R. Quality of life for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1996;153:783–788
  25. Revicki DA, Tohen M, Gyulai L, Thompson C, Pike S, Davis-Vogel A, et al. Telephone versus in-person clinical and health status assessment interviews in patients with bipolar disorder. Harv. Rev. Psychiatry. 1997;5:75–81
  26. Russo J, Trujillo CA, Wingerson D, Decker K, Ries R, Wetzler H, et al. The MOS 36-Item Short Form Health Survey: reliability, validity, and preliminary findings in schizophrenic outpatients. Med. Care. 1998;36:752–756
  27. Wetherell JL, Palmer BW, Thorp SR, Patterson TL, Golshan S, Jeste DV. Anxiety symptoms and quality of life in middle-aged and older outpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2003;64:1476–1482
  28. Neziroglu F, Khemlani-Patel S. A review of cognitive and behavioral treatment for body dysmorphic disorder. CNS Spectr. 2002;7:464–471
  29. Phillips KA. Pharmacologic treatment of body dysmorphic disorder: review of the evidence and a recommended treatment approach. CNS Spectr. 2002;7:453–460
  30. Phillips KA, Pagano ME, Fay C, Menard W. Pharmacotherapy received by individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. [Abstracts] In: National Institute of Mental Health NCDEU 44th Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ. 2004;p. 229
  31. Leon AC, Keller MB, Warshaw MG, Mueller TI, Solomon DA, Coryell W, et al. Prospective study of fluoxetine treatment and suicidal behavior in affectively ill subjects. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1999;156:195–201
  32. Warshaw MG, Keller MB. The relationship between fluoxetine use and suicidal behavior in 654 subjects with anxiety disorders. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 1996;57:158–166
  33. Cotterill JA. Body dysmorphic disorder. Dermatol. Clin. 1996;14:457–463
  34. Phillips KA, Grant J, Siniscalchi J, Albertini RS. Surgical and nonpsychiatric medical treatment of patients with body dysmorphic disorder. Psychosomatics. 2001;42:504–510

PII: S0010-440X(04)00173-7

doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.10.004

Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 46, Issue 4 , Pages 254-260 , July 2005

Article Tools