Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 45, Issue 6 , Pages 469-474 , November 2004

Expressed emotion and social functioning in chronic schizophrenia

  • Yuta Miura

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University; and the Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Sociology, Meiji-Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
    • ,
  • Masafumi Mizuno

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University; and the Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Sociology, Meiji-Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Masafumi Mizuno, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
    • ,
  • Chiyo Yamashita

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University; and the Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Sociology, Meiji-Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
    • ,
  • Koichiro Watanabe

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University; and the Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Sociology, Meiji-Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
    • ,
  • Masaaki Murakami

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University; and the Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Sociology, Meiji-Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
    • ,
  • Haruo Kashima

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University; and the Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Sociology, Meiji-Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan

References 

  1. Brown GW, Birley JLT, Wing JK. Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic disorders (a replication). Br J Psychiatry. 1972;121:241–258
  2. Leff J, Wig NN, Ghosh A, Bedi H, Menon DK, Kuipers L, et al.  Expressed emotion and schizophrenia in north India. III. Influence of relatives’ expressed emotion on the course of schizophrenia in Chandigarh. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;151:166–173
  3. Tanaka S, Mino Y, Inoue S. Expressed emotion and the course of schizophrenia in Japan. Br J Psychiatry. 1995;167:794–798
  4. Bebbington P, Kuipers L. The predictive utility of expressed emotion in schizophrenia (an aggregate analysis). Psychol Med. 1994;24:707–718
  5. King S, Dixon MJ. Expressed emotion and relapse in young schizophrenia outpatients. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25:377–386
  6. Bellack AS, Morrison RL, Wixted JT, Mueser KT. An analysis of social competence in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;156:809–818
  7. Engelhardt DM, Rosen B. Implications of drug treatment for the social rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Bull. 1976;2:454–462
  8. Barrowclough C, Tarrier N. Social functionig in schizophrenic patients. I. The effects of expressed emotion and family intervention. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1990;25:125–129
  9. Otsuka T, Nakane Y, Ohta Y. Symptoms and social adjustment of schizophrenic patients as evaluated by family members. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994;89:111–116
  10. King S, Dixon M. Expressed emotion, family dynamics and symptom severity in a predictive model of social adjustment for schizophrenic young adults. Schizophr Res. 1995;14:121–132
  11. Inoue S, Tanaka S, Shimodera S, Mino Y. Expressed emotion and social function. Psychiatry Res. 1997;72:33–39
  12. World Health Organization . Mental and behavioural disorders, clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. In: International Classification of Diseases, Revision 10. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1991;
  13. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13:261–276
  14. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Ed. 4. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994;
  15. Magana AB, Goldstein JM, Karno M, Miklowitz DJ, Jenkins J, Falloon IR. A brief method for assessing expressed emotion in relatives of psychiatric patients. Psychiatry Res. 1986;17:203–212
  16. Malla AK, Kazarian SS, Barnes S, Cole JD. Validation of the Five Minute Speech Sample in measuring expressed emotion. Can J Psychiatry. 1991;36:297–299
  17. Uehara T, Yokoyama T, Goto M, Kohmura N, Nakano Y, Toyooka K, et al.  Expressed emotion from the Five-Minute Speech Sample and relapse of out-patients with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997;95:454–456
  18. Shimodera S, Mino Y, Inoue S, Izumoto Y, Kishi Y, Tanaka S. Validity of a Five-Minute Speech Sample in measuring expressed emotion in the families of patients with schizophrenia in Japan. Compr Psychiatry. 1999;40:372–376
  19. Birchwood M, Smith J, Cochrane R, Wetton S, Copestake S. The Social Functioning Scale. The development and validation of a new scale of social adjustment for use in family intervention programmes with schizophrenic patients. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;157:853–859
  20. Yamashita C, Mizuno M, Murakami M, Miura Y, Nemoto T, Oda K, et al.  Reliability and Validity of the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) Japanese Version in schizophrenia. Jpn Bull Soc Psychiat. 2001;10:109–110
  21. Bailer J, Brauer W, Rey ER. Premorbid adjustment as predictor of outcome in schizophrenia (results of a prospective study). Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1996;93:368–377
  22. Johnstone EC, Macmillan JF, Frith CD, Benn DK, Crow TJ. Further investigation of the predictors of outcome following first schizophrenic episodes. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;157:182–189
  23. Perlick D, Stastny P, Mattis S, Teresi J. Contribution of family, cognitive and clinical dimensions to long-term outcome in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1992;6:257–265
  24. Rajkumar S, Thara R. Factors affecting relapse in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1989;2:403–409
  25. Sullivan G, Marder SR, Liberman RP, Donahoe CP, Mintz J. Social skills and relapse history in outpatient schizophrenics. Psychiatry. 1990;53:340–345
  26. Smith J, Birchwood M, Cochrane R, George S. The needs of high and low expressed emotion families (a normative approach). Social Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1993;28:11–16
  27. Weisman AG, Nuechterlein KH, Goldstein MJ, Snyder KS. Controllability perceptions and reactions to symptoms of schizophrenia (a within-family comparison of relatives with high and low expressed emotion). J Abnorm Psychol. 2000;109:167–171
  28. Glynn SM, Randolph ET, Eth S, Paz GG, Leong GB, Shaner AL, et al.  Patient psychopathology and expressed emotion in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;157:877–880
  29. Shimodera S, Inoue S, Tanaka S, Mino Y. Critical comments made to schizophrenic patients by their families in Japan. Compr Psychiatry. 1998;39:85–90
  30. Scazufca M, Kuipers E. Links between expressed emotion and burden of care in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 1996;168:580–587
  31. Scazufca M, Kuipers E. Stability of expressed emotion in relatives of those with schizophrenia and its relationship with burden of care and perception of patients’ social functioning. Psychol Med. 1998;28:453–461
  32. Mueser KT, Bellack AS, Wade JH, Sayers SL, Tierney A, Haas G. Expressed emotion, social skill, and response to negative affect in schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol. 1993;102:339–351
  33. Boye B, Bentsen H, Ulstein I, Notland TH, Lersbryggen A, Lingjaerde O, et al.  Relatives’ distress and patients’ symptoms and behaviours (a prospective study of patients with schizophrenia and their relatives). Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001;104:42–50

PII: S0010-440X(04)00086-0

doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.07.006

Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 45, Issue 6 , Pages 469-474 , November 2004

Article Tools