Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 41, Issue 3 , Pages 184-190 , May 2000

First-episode schizophrenia: Do grandiosity, disorganization, and acute initial development reduce duration of untreated psychosis? An exploratory naturalistic case study

  • P. Møller

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to P. Moller, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, Buskerud Central Hospital, N-3400 Lier,Norwa.

Reference 

    Reference
  1. Beiser M, Erickson D, Fleming JAF, Iacono WG. Establishing the onset of psychotic illness. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150:1349–1354
  2. Johnstone EC, Crow TJ, Johnson AL, MacMillan JF. The Northwick Park Study of First Episodes of Schizophrenia. I. Presentation of the illness and problems relating to admission. Br J Psychiatry. 1986;148:115–120
  3. Loebel AD, Lieberman JA, Alvir JM, Mayerhoff DI, Geisler SH, Szymanski SR. Duration of psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1992;149:1183–1188
  4. Linszen D, Lenior M, De Haan L, Dingemans R, Gersons B. Early intervention, untreated psychosis and the course of early schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;172(33 Suppl):84–89
  5. Edwards J, Maude D, McGorry PD, Harrigan S, Cocks JT. Prolonged recovery in first-episode psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;172:107–116
  6. McEvoy JP, Schooler NR, Wilson WH. Predictors of therapeutic response to haloperidol in acute schizophrenia. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1991;27:97–101
  7. Wyatt RJ. Neuroleptics and the natural course of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1991;17:325–351
  8. Scully PJ, Coakley G, Kinsella A, Waddington JL. Psychopathology, executive (frontal) and general cognitive impairment in relation to duration of initially untreated versus subsequently treated psychosis in chronic schizophrenia. Psychol Med. 1997;27:1303–1310
  9. Crow TJ, MacMillan JF, Johnson AL, Johnstone FC. A randomised controlled trial of prophylactic neuroleptic treatment. Br J Psychiatry. 1986;148:120–127
  10. Helgason L. Twenty years follow-up of first psychiatric presentation for schizophrenia: what could have been prevented?. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1990;81:231–235
  11. Wyatt RJ, Green MF, Tuma AH. Long-term morbidity associated with delayed treatment of first admission schizophrenic patients: a re-analysis of the Camarillo State Hospital data. Psychol Med. 1997;27:261–268
  12. Andrews G. The cost of schizophrenia revisited. Schizophr Bull. 1991;17:389–394
  13. McGlashan TH. Early detection and intervention of schizophrenia: rationale and research. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;172(33 Suppl):3–6
  14. Rice DP. The economic impact of schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60(1 Suppl):4–6
  15. Falloon IR, Coverdale JH, Laidlaw TM, Merry S, Kydd RR, Morosini P. Early intervention for schizophrenic disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;172:33–38
  16. Waddington JL, Youssef HA, Kinsella A. Sequential cross-sectional and 10-year prospective study of severe negative symptoms in relation to duration of initially untreated psychosis in chronic schizophrenia. Psychol Med. 1995;25:849–857
  17. Larsen TK, Johannessen JO, Opjordsmoen S. First-episode schizophrenia with long duration of untreated psychosis. Pathways to care. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;172:45–52
  18. Chapman J. The early symptoms of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 1966;112:225–251
  19. Ha¨fner H, Maurer K, Lo¨ffler W, Riecher-Ro¨ssler A. The influence of age and sex on the onset and early course of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 1993;162:80–86
  20. Cameron DE. Early schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1938;95:567–582
  21. Haas GL, Sweeney JA. Premorbid and onset features of first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1992;18:373–386
  22. Varsamis J, Adamson JD. Early schizophrenia. Can Psychiatr Assoc J. 1971;16:487–497
  23. American Psychiatric Association . In: Ed. 3. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1987;Rev. (DSM-III-R)
  24. American Psychiatric Association . In: Ed. 4.. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994;(DSM-IV)
  25. Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M, First MB. Structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R-patient Version (SCID-P 6/1/88). New York, NY: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research; 1988;
  26. Fenning S, Craig T, Lavelle J, Kovasznay B, Bromet EJ. Best-estimate versus structured interview-based diagnosis in first-admission psychosis. Compr Psychiatry. 1994;35:341–348
  27. Roy M-A, Lanctoˆt G, Me´rette C, Cliche D, Fournier J-P, Boutin P, et al. Clinical and methodological factors related to reliability of the best-estimate diagnostic procedure. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154:1726–1733
  28. Miller WL, Crabtree BF. Strategies of inquiry: clinical research. In: Reprint Ed.. Denzin NK, Lincoln YS editor. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1994;p. 340–352
  29. Burgess RG. Multiple strategies in field research. In: Reprint Ed.. Burgess RG editors. Field Research: A Sourcebook and Field Manual. London, UK: Allen & Unwin; 1982;
  30. Campbell DT, Fiske DW. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychol Bull. 1959;56:81–105
  31. Denzin N. The Research Act in Sociology. London, UK: Butterworth; 1970;
  32. Huberman AM, Miles MB. Methods of collecting and analyzing empirical materials: data management and analysis methods. In: Reprint Ed.. Denzin NK, Lincoln YS editor. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1994;p. 428–444
  33. Buston K, Parry-Jones W, Livingstone M, Bogan A, Wood S. Qualitative research. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;172:197–199
  34. Hudson L, Hale R. Qualitative research—a rejoinder [letter]. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;173:88
  35. Crow TJ. Molecular pathology of schizophrenia: more than one disease process?. BMJ. 1980;280:66–68
  36. Liddle PF. The symptoms of chronic schizophrenia: a re-examination of the positive-negative dichotomy. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;151:145–151
  37. Strauss JS, Carpenter WT, Bartko JJ. The diagnosis and understanding of schizophrenia. III. Speculations on the processes that underlie schizophrenic signs and symptoms. Schizophr Bull. 1974;1:61–69
  38. McGorry PD, Bell RC, Dudgeon PL, Jackson HJ. The dimensional structure of first episode psychosis: an exploratory factor analysis. Psychol Med. 1998;28:935–947
  39. Gross G. The onset of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1997;28:187–198
  40. Hn¨er H, Maurer K. Are there two types of schizophrenia?. In: Marneros A, Andreasen NC, Tsuang MT editor. Negative Versus Positive Schizophrenia. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 1991;p. 134–159
  41. Birchwood M, Cochrane R, MacMillan F, Copestake S, Kucharska J, Cariss M. The influence of ethnicity and family structure on relapse in first-episode schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 1992;161:783–790
  42. Beiser M, Erickson D, Fleming JAF, Iacono WG. Establishing the onset of psychotic illness. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150:1349–1354
  43. McGorry PD, Singh BS. Schizophrenia: risk and possibility of prevention. In: Reprint Ed.. Raphael B, Burrows GD editor. Handbook of Studies on Preventive Psychiatry. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elslsevier Science; 1995;p. 491–514
  44. Mo¨ller P, Husby R. The initial prodrome in schizophrenia: searching for naturalistic core dimensions of experiences and behavior. Schizophr Bull (In Press).
  45. Møller P. Duration of untreated psychosis: are we ignoring the mode of initial development? An extensive naturalistic case study of phenomenal continuity in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychopathology (In Press).

PII: S0010-440X(00)90046-4

doi: 10.1016/S0010-440X(00)90046-4

Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 41, Issue 3 , Pages 184-190 , May 2000