Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 41, Issue 3 , Pages 167-171 , May 2000

Insight and outcome in bipolar, unipolar, and anxiety disorders

  • S. Nassir Ghaemi

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to S. Nassir Ghaemi, M.D., Harvard Bipolar Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman St, WAC-812, Boston, MA 02114.
    • From the Harvard Bipolar Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Consolidated Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,USA
    • Department of Psychiatry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC,USA
    • ,
  • Erica Boiman

      Affiliations

    • From the Harvard Bipolar Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Consolidated Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,USA
    • Department of Psychiatry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC,USA
    • ,
  • Frederick K. Goodwin

      Affiliations

    • From the Harvard Bipolar Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Consolidated Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,USA
    • Department of Psychiatry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC,USA

Reference 

    Reference
  1. Ghaemi SN, Pope HG. Lack of insight in psychotic and affective disorders: a review of empirical studies. Harvard Rev Psychiatry. 1994;2:22–33
  2. Soskis DA, Bowers MB. The schizophrenic experience: a follow-up study of attitude and posthospital adjustment. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1969;149:443–449
  3. McGlashan TH, Carpenter WT. Does attitude toward psychosis relate to outcome?. Am J Psychiatry. 1981;138:797–801
  4. McEvoy JR, Freter S, Everett G, Geller JL, Appelbaum P, Apperson LJ, et al. Insight and the clinical outcome of schizophrenic patients. J Nerv Merit Dis. 1989;177:48–51
  5. Schwartz RC, Cohen BN, Grubaugh A. Does insight affect long-term inpatient treatment outcome in chronic schizophrenia?. Compr Psychiatry. 1997;38:283–288
  6. Ghaemi S. Insight and psychiatric disorders: a review of the literature, with a focus on its clinical relevance for bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Ann. 1997;27:782–790
  7. Kukopulos A, Reginaldi D, Minnai G, Serra G, Pani L, Johnson N. The long term prophylaxis of affective disorders. In: Gessa G, Fratta W, Pani L, Serra G editor. Depression and Mania: From Neurobiology to Treatment. New York, NY: Raven; 1995;
  8. Amador XA, Flaum M, Andreasen NC, Strauss DH, Yale SA, Clark SC, et al. Awareness of illness in schizophrenia and schizoaffective and mood disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994:;51:826–836
  9. Markova IS, Berrios GE. The assessment of insight in clinical psychiatry: a new scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992;86:159–164
  10. Ghaemi SN, Sachs GS, Baldassano CF, Truman CJ. Insight in seasonal affective disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 1997;38:345–348
  11. Amador XF, Strauss DH, Yale SA, Gorman JM. Awareness of illness in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1991;17:113–132
  12. David AS. Insight and psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;156:798–808
  13. Markova IS, Berrios GE. The meaning of insight in clinical psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry. 1992;160:850–860
  14. David A, Kemp R. Five perspectives on the phenomenon of insight in psychosis. Psychiatr Ann. 1997;27:791–797
  15. McEvoy JP, Aland J, Wilson WH, Guy W, Hawkins L. Measuring chronic schizophrenic patients attitudes toward their illness and treatment. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1981;32:856–858
  16. Amador X, Strauss D. The Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD). New York, NY: Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1990;
  17. Eisen JL, Phillips KA, Baer L, Beer DA, Atala KD, Rasmussen SA. The Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale: reliability and validity. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155:102–108
  18. Ghaemi SN, Stoll AL, Pope HG. Lack of insight in bipolar disorder. J Nerv Merit Dis. 1995;183:464–467
  19. McEvoy JP, Apperson LJ, Appelbaum PS, Ortlip P, Brecosky J, Hammill K, et al. Insight in schizophrenia. Its relationship to acute psychopathology. J Nerv Merit Dis. 1989;177:43–47
  20. David A, Buchanan A, Reed A, Almeida O. The assessment of insight in psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1992;161:599–602
  21. Amador XA, Strauss DH, Yale SA, Flaum MM, Endicott JE, Gorman JM. Assessment of insight in psychosis. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150:873–879

PII: S0010-440X(00)90043-9

doi: 10.1016/S0010-440X(00)90043-9

Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume 41, Issue 3 , Pages 167-171 , May 2000

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